Art That's A BLAST

A group of artists and scientists has created an interactive artwork using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), one of the foundational algorithms for comparative genomics. Normally, the BLAST process of looking for homologous genes is invisible to researchers: They enter a gene sequences into a computer and wait for BLAST to kick out the matches. But the collaborative art work opens that black box by making the BLAST search visible. The result, Ecce Homology was shown in early August at SIGGRAPH 2005 in Los Angeles.

“It’s artwork that’s deeply grounded in science without being didactic,” says Ruth West, director of visual analytics and interactive technologies at the University of California, San Diego, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and research associate with the UCSD Center for Research in Computing and the Arts. She heads the collaboration which includes 11 biologists, artists and computer scientists from UCSD, UCLA and the University of Southern California.

With a name inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche’s Ecce Homo, a meditation on how one becomes what one is, the project explores human evolution by examining similarities between genes from human beings and a target organism, in this case the rice plant. Ecce Homology is a physically interactive new-media work that visualizes genetic data as calligraphic forms. A novel computer-vision based interface allows multiple participants, through their movement in the installation space, to select genes from the human genome for visualization using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Five projectors present these changes in Ecce Homology’s calligraphic forms across a 40-foot wide wall.

“If we worked on the genomic calligraphy visualization further, it could be useful to scientists,” she says, “but the installation is not a tool; it’s art. And it’s specifically ambiguous and a bit mysterious—by intention.”

Ecce Homology, which was first displayed two years ago at the Fowler Museum in Los Angeles, works on many levels both scientifically and artistically. “People assume that there’s value in the vast amounts of genomic data we are generating,” says West, “but data is not knowledge, and in order for us to derive knowledge from it, we need to interpret it. The more complex it is, the harder it is for human beings to do that and, consequently, the greater our need to find new approaches.” So, says West, “we’ve produced an artwork that both speaks to this need and lets viewers interact fluidly with the data in a visceral way.” Ultimately, West says, the exhibit poses the question, “If you were to do work that’s truly hybrid art/science, what would that process be like? And would there be any outcome that would point to how art might nurture scientific discovery?” For more information about Ecce Homology, visit www.insilicov1.org.